DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

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DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Direct Speech (Kalimat Langsung) ialah kata-kata kalimat yang diucapkan langsung oleh si pembicara.

Indirect Speech (Kalimat Tak Langsung) ialah kalimat yang diucapkan untuk melaporkan kata-kata si pembicara kepada orang lain. Jadi, Indirect Speech (Reported Speech) digunakan bila kita ingin melaporkan kata-kata seseorang kepada orang lain secara tak langsung.

Direct & Indirect Speech terdiri dari 3 jenis yaitu :

I.         Statement (pernyataan)

II.      Command (perintah)

III.   Question (pertanyaan)

Perubahan-perubahan yang perlu dari Direct ke Indirect Speech :

1.        To be & Auxiliary Verbs

Direct                                       Indirect

Am/is/are                                  was/were

Shall/will                                   should/would

Can                                           could

May                                          might

Must                                         had to

Have/has to                               had to

2.        Time & Place (keterangan waktu & tempat)

Direct                                       Indirect

Now                                          then

Tomorrow                                 the following day, the next day

Next week                                the following week

Tonight                                     that night

Today                                       that day

Yesterday                                 the day before

Last night                                 the night before

Last week                                 the week before, the precious week

Two days ago                           two days before

Here                                          there

This                                           that

These                                         those

3.        Tenses

Direct                                       Indirect

Simple present                          simple past

Present continous                     past continous

Present perfect                          past perfect

Present perfect continuous       past perfect continuous

Simple past                               past perfect

Past continous                          past perfect continuous

I.         STATEMENT

Dalam Indirect Statement kita menggunakan kata that (bahwa) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar (introduce phrase) dan kata-kata yang dilaporkan (reported words). Kalimat-kalimat pengantar dalam indirect statement ialah :

He said

He said to me                    that + reported words

He told me

For examples:

- Mary told me, “I buy a newspaper every day.”

- Mary told me that she bought a newspaper every day.

-   Father said, “I am going out of town tomorrow”

-   Father said that he was going out of town the following day.

- Anna told her friends, “I have been to Bali twice.”

- Anna told her friends that she had been to Bali twice.

-   Safa told John, “my father warned me last night”

-   Safa told John that her father had warned her the night before.

-   My sister said to me “I don’t like tennis”

-   My sister said to me that she didn’t like tennis.

-   Tom said “I didn’t go to school this morning”

-   Tom said that he hadn’t gone to school that morning. 

 

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II.      COMMAND

Command dibagi dalam 2 (dua) bagian yaitu :

1.      Positive Command

Dalam perintah positif kita tambahkan to di depan kalimat perintahnya, sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan perintah yang dilaporkan. Kalimat-kalimat pengantar dalam jenis ini ialah :

to + infinitive

He asked me

He told me

For example:

- He asked me “Open your book”

- He asked me to open my book.

-  Mary told me “Stop talking to Jane”

-  Mary told me to stop talking to Jane.

-  Mother asked John “Pay attention to what I say”

-  Mother asked John to pay attention to what she says.

-  John told Mary “Wait until I come”

-  John told Mary to wait until he comes.

-  The teacher said to the students “Be quiet while I am talking”

-  The teacher told the students to be quiet while she is talking.

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